First Hand Account of Lincoln's Death Bed

First Hand Account of Lincoln's Death Bed

On that awful memorable night the great War Secretary, the Honorable Edwin M. Stanton, one of the most imposing figures of the nineteenth century, promptly arrived and recognized at that critical period of our country's history the necessity of a head to our Government and as the President was passing away established a branch of his War Department in an adjoining room. There he sat, surrounded 

by his counselors and messengers, pen in hand, writing to General Dix and others. He was soon in communication with many in authority and with the Government and army officials. By Secretary Stanton's wonderful ability and power in action, he undoubtedly controlled millions of excited people. He was then the Master, and in reality Acting President of the United States.

During the night Mrs. Lincoln came frequently from the adjoining room accompanied by a lady friend. At one time Mrs. Lincoln exclaimed, sobbing bitterly: "Oh! that my little Taddy might see his father before he died!" This was decided not advisable. As Mrs. Lincoln sat on a chair by the side of the bed with her face to her husband's his breathing became very stertorous and the loud, unnatural noise frightened her in her exhausted, agonized condition. She sprang up suddenly with a piercing cry and fell fainting to the floor. Secretary Stanton hearing her cry came in from the adjoining room and with raised arms called out loudly: "Take that woman out and do not let her in again." Mrs. Lincoln was helped up kindly and assisted in a fainting condition from the room. Secretary Stanton's order was obeyed and Mrs. Lincoln did not see her husband again before he died.

As Captain Lincoln was consoling his mother in another room, and as I had promised Mrs. Lincoln to do all I possibly could for her husband, I took the place of kindred and continuously held the President's right hand firmly, with one exception of less than a minute, when my sympathies compelled me to seek the disconsolate wife. I found her reclining in a nearby room, being comforted by her son. Without stopping in my walk, I passed the room where Secretary Stanton sat at his official table and returning took the hand of the dying President in mine. The hand that had signed the Emancipation Proclamation liberating 4,000,000 slaves.

As morning dawned it became quite evident that the President was sinking, and at several times his pulse could not be counted. Two or three feeble pulsations being noticed, followed by an intermission when not the slightest movements of the artery could be felt. The inspirations became very prolonged and labored, accompanied by a guttural sound. The respirations ceased for some time and several anxiously looked at their watches until the profound silence was disturbed by a prolonged inspiration, which was followed by a sonorous expiration.

During these moments the Surgeon General occupied a chair by the head of the President's bed and occasionally held his finger over the carotid artery to note its pulsations. Dr. Stone sat on the edge of the foot of the bed, and I stood holding the President's right hand with my extended forefinger on his pulse, being the only one between the bed 
and the wall, the bed having been drawn out diagonally for that purpose. While we were anxiously watching in profound solemn silence, the Rev. Dr. Gurley said: "Let us pray," and offered a most impressive prayer. After which we witnessed the last struggle between life and death.

At this time my knowledge of physiology, pathology and psychology told me that the President was totally blind as a result of blood pressure on the brain, as indicated by the paralysis, dilated pupils, protruding and bloodshot eyes, but all the time I acted on the belief that if his sense of hearing or feeling remained, he could possibly hear me when I sent for his son, the voice of his wife when she spoke to him and that the last sound he heard, may have been his pastor's prayer, as he finally committed his soul to God.

Knowledge that frequently just before departure recognition and reason return to those who have been unconscious caused me for several hours to hold his right hand firmly within my grasp to let him in his blindness know, if possible, that he was in touch with humanity and had a friend.

The protracted struggle ceased at twenty minutes past seven o'clock on the morning of April 15, 1865, and I announced that the President was dead.

Immediately after death the few remaining in the room knelt around the bed while the Rev. Dr. Gurley delivered one of the most impressive prayers ever uttered, that our Heavenly Father look down in pity upon the bereaved family and preserve our afflicted and sorrow-stricken country.

Then I gently smoothed the President's contracted facial muscles, took two coins from my pocket, placed them over his eyelids and drew a white sheet over the martyr's face. I had been the means, in God's hand, of prolonging the life of President Abraham Lincoln for nine hours.

Every necessary act of love, devotion, skill and loyalty had been rendered during his helpless hours to the President of the United States, the Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, to the beloved of millions of people throughout the world.

Many reported, anxious in any way to be of service. I accepted their offers to the extent of abundantly filling every want. Of all the people I have met in different parts of the world, I have found that as a class, good Americans are not to be excelled when occasions demand, in strength, endurance, calmness, good judgment, ardent loyal devotion and self-sacrificing love.

By prolonging the life of President Lincoln, his son Robert, whom I sent for, was enabled to see his father alive. Physicians and surgeons, lawyer and clergyman, whom I sent for, visited the President and were given time to deliberate. Members of the Cabinet, whom I sent for with soldiers and sailors and friends, had the opportunity to surround him. Millions of dangerous, excited and disappointed people were morally dissuaded from acts of discord. The nation was held in suppressed, sympathetic suspense and control, when the people heard that the President was living, though severely wounded and dying.

Before the people had time to realize the situation there was another President of the United States and the grandeur of the continuity of the Republic was confirmed.

After all was over, and as I stood by the side of the covered mortal remains I thought: "You have fulfilled your promise to the wife, your duty now is to the many living, suffering, wounded officers committed to your care in your ward at Armory Square General Hospital," and I left the house in deep meditation. In my lonely walk I was aroused from my reveries by the cold drizzling rain dropping on my bare head, my hat I had left in my seat at the theatre. My clothing was stained with blood, I had not once been seated since I first sprang to the President's aid; I was cold, weary and sad. The dawn of peace was again clouded, the most cruel war in history had not completely ended. Our long sorrowing country vividly came before me as I thought how essential it was to have an organization composed of returning soldiers to guard and protect the officers of state and uphold the Constitution. This great need was simultaneously recognized by others, for on that day, April 15, 1865, there assembled at Philadelphia a few army officers for that purpose and originated the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.

Among the archives of our organization, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, we have recorded:—

ABRAHAM LINCOLN.

President of the United States, March 4, 1861, to April 15, 1865.
Born February 12, 1809, Hardin (La Rue County), Kentucky.
Assassinated April 14, 1865; died April 15, 1865, at Washington, D. C.
Enrolled by Special Resolution, to date from April 15, 1865.

Civil War Batttles: Fair Oaks or Seven Pines Pt II

Battle of Fair Oaks or Seven Pines Pt II

The Battle of Seven Pines, also known as the Battle of Fair Oaks or Fair Oaks Station, took place on May 31 and June 1, 1862, in Henrico County, Virginia, as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War

   The reports of the hour of opening battle are more conflicting in this than in most battles, owing possibly to the fact that many are fixed by the beginning of the hot battle about the trenched camp, while others are based on the actual firing of the signal-guns. The weight of evidence seems conclusive of the former attack at one p.m., and this would place the firing of the signal-guns back to noon or a little after. As events occurred, however, the hour is not of especial interest, as it is shown that the battle was in time for a finish before night if it had been promptly followed up. I will say, therefore, that General Hill’s second appeal to open the signal-gun was made a little before noon, and that he stated in this appeal that his brigade from the Charles City road was approaching, and would be with him. He was then authorized to march, but to give instructions that the advance should be carefully conducted until all the troops were in place, to give full force to his battle. He had four brigades, and

[ was ordered to advance in columns of brigades, two on each side of the road. Garland’s and G. B. Anderson’s brigades in columns, preceded by skirmishers, advanced on the left of the road at the sound of the guns, and engaged after a short march from the starting. As Rodes’s brigade was not yet in position, some little time elapsed before the columns on the right moved, so that Garland’s column encountered more than its share of early fight, but Rodes, supported by Rains’s brigade, came promptly to his relief, which steadied the advance. The enemy’s front was reinforced and arrested progress of our skirmishers, but a way was found by which the enemy was turned out of position, and by and by the open before the intrenched camp was reached. In the redoubt was a six-gun battery, and on the right another section of two pieces. General Hill ordered Bondurant’s battery to the open into action, and presently the battery of Captain Carter.

Garland and G. B. Anderson had severe contention at one o’clock, but by pushing front and flank movements got to the enemy’s strong line. R. H. Anderson’s brigade was pushed up in support of their left, when a bold move gave us the section of artillery and that end of the line. At the same time Carter’s battery was in close practice with five guns within four hundred yards of the redoubt, and the enemy was seriously disturbed; but General Hill was disposed to wait a little for Huger, thought to be between him and the swamp, to get farther in; then, fearing that longer wait might be hazardous of his opportunity, he ordered Rains’s brigade past the enemy’s left, when Rodes seized the moment, rushed in, and gained the redoubt and the battery. The officers at the battery made a brave effort to spike their guns, but were killed in the act. So Rodes, who had some artillerists acting as infantry, turned them with some effect upon the troops as they retired.

[When General Hill reported that he must use Rains’s brigade to march around the redoubt, other orders were sent General Wilcox to leave General Huger’s column and march to his position on the right of General Hill’s battle, directing, in case there were serious obstacles to his march by the Charles City road, to march over to and down the Williamsburg road. A slip of paper was sent General Johnston reporting progress and asking co-operation on our left.

The battle moved bravely on. R. H. Anderson’s brigade was ordered to support its left at Fair Oaks, and Pickett’s, on the railroad, was drawn near. Hill met Casey’s troops rallying, and reinforcements with them coming to recover the lost ground, but they were forced back to the second intrenched line (Couch’s), where severe fighting ensued, but the line was carried at two o’clock, cutting Couch with four regiments and two companies of infantry, and Brady’s six-gun battery, off at Fair Oaks Station. Finding that he could not cut his way back to his command, Couch stood back from the railroad and presently opened his battery fire across our advancing lines. As he was standing directly in front of Smith’s division, we thought that he would soon be attacked and driven off. Nevertheless, it was not prudent to leave that point on our flank unguarded until we found Smith’s division in action. The force was shut off from our view by the thick pine wood, so that we could know nothing of its strength, and only knew of its position from its artillery fire. We could not attack it lest we should fall under the fire of the division in position for that attack. Anderson’s other regiments, under the gallant Colonel M. Jenkins, were ordered into Hill’s forward battle, as his troops were worn. Jenkins soon found himself in the van, and so swiftly led on that the discomfited troops found no opportunity to rally. Reinforcements from the Third Corps came, but in the swampy wood Jenkins was[P prompt enough to strike their heads as their retreating comrades passed. Right and left and front he applied his beautiful tactics and pushed his battle.

General Kearny, finding that he could not arrest the march, put Berry’s brigade off to the swamp to flank and strike it, and took part of Jamison’s brigade to follow. They got into the swamp and followed it up to the open near the Couch intrenchment,[16] but Jenkins knew that there was some one there to meet them, and pushed his onward battle. General Hill ordered Rains’s brigade to turn this new force, while Rodes attacked, but the latter’s men were worn, and some of them were with the advance. Kemper’s brigade was sent to support the forward battle, but General Hill directed it to his right against Berry, in front of Rains, and it seems that the heavy, swampy ground so obstructed operations on both sides as to limit their work to infantry fusillades until six o’clock.

Our battle on the Williamsburg road was in a sack. We were strong enough to guard our flanks and push straight on, but the front was growing heavy. It was time for Wilcox’s brigades under his last order, but nothing was heard of them. I asked General Stuart, who had joined me, if there were obstacles to Wilcox’s march between the Charles City and Williamsburg roads. He reported that there was nothing more than swamp lands, hardly knee-deep. He was asked for a guide, who was sent with a courier bearing orders for them to remain with General Wilcox until he reported at my head-quarters.

Again I reported the cramped condition of our work, owing to the artillery practice from beyond the railroad, and asked General Johnston to have the division that was with him drive that force away and loose our left. This note was ordered to be put into General Johnston’s hands. He gave peremptory commands to that effect, but the movements were so slow that he lost patience and rode with Hood’s leading brigade, pulled it on, and ordered communication opened with my left.

At one o’clock, General McClellan, at his head-quarters beyond the river, six miles away, heard the noise of battle and ordered Sumner’s (Second) corps under arms to await orders. General Sumner ordered the command under arms, marched the divisions to their separate bridges, and put the columns on the bridges, partly submerged, to hold them to their moorings, anxiously awaiting authority from his chief to march to the relief of his comrades. The bridge where Sedgwick’s division stood was passable, but Richardson’s was under water waist-deep, and the flooding river rising. Richardson waded one brigade through, but thought that he could save time by marching up to the Sedgwick bridge, which so delayed him that he did not reach the field until after night.

As General Johnston rode with Hood’s brigade, he saw the detachment under General Couch marching north to find at the Adams House the road to Grapevine Bridge, his open way of retreat. Directly he heard firing where Couch was marching, but thought that Smith’s other brigades were equal to work that could open up there, and rode on, ordering Hood to find communication with my left. Smith’s other brigades were: Whiting’s, commanded by Colonel Law; Hampton’s, Pettigrew’s, and Hatton’s; Whiting commanding the division, Smith commanding the left wing. Smith quotes Colonel Frobel, who was with him at the time,—viz.:

“Whiting’s brigade was gone; it had been ordered forward to charge the batteries which were firing upon us. The brigade was repulsed, and in a few minutes came streaming back through the little skirt of woods to the left of the Nine Miles road, near the crossing. There was only a part of a brigade in this charge. Pender soon rallied and reformed them on the edge of the woods.[Pg 98] General Whiting sent an order to him to reconnoitre the batteries, and if he thought they could be taken, to try it again. Before he could do so, some one galloped up, shouting, ‘Charge that battery!’ The men hurried forward at double-quick, but were repulsed as before.”[17]

It seems that at that moment General Sumner reached the field. He reported:

“On arriving on the field, I found General Couch, with four regiments and two companies of infantry and Brady’s battery. These troops were drawn up in line near Adams’s House, and there was a pause in the battle.”

He received his orders at 2.30 p.m. and marched with Sedgwick’s division—three brigades—and Kirby’s battery, and reached the ground of Couch’s work at 4.30. In less than an hour he had surveyed the ground and placed his troops to receive battle.

General Smith attacked with Hampton’s, Pettigrew’s, and Hatton’s brigades. It seems he made no use of artillery, though on the field right and left the opportunity was fair. The troops fought bravely, as did all Confederate soldiers. We heard the steady, rolling fire of musketry and the boom of cannon that told of deadly work as far as the Williamsburg road, but it did not last. General Hatton was killed, General Pettigrew wounded and a prisoner, and General Hampton wounded. General Smith was beaten.

General Sumner reported:

“I ordered the following regiments, Eighty-second New York, Thirty-fourth New York, Fifteenth Massachusetts, Twentieth Massachusetts, and Seventh Michigan, to move to the front and charge bayonets. There were two fences between us and the enemy, but our men gallantly rushed over them, and the enemy broke and fled, and this closed the battle of Saturday.”[18]

[General Smith sent to call Hood’s brigade from his right, and posted it, about dark, near Fair Oaks Station. At parting, General Hood said, “Our people over yonder are whipped.”

General Wilcox filed his three brigades into the Williamsburg road, followed by two of Huger’s division at five o’clock. He was reminded of his orders to be abreast of the battle, and that he was only four hours behind it; but reported that while marching by the first order by the Charles City road, he received orders to try the Williamsburg road; that, marching for that road, he was called by orders to follow a guide, who brought him back to the Charles City road. He confessed that his orders to march with the front of battle were plain and well understood, but his marches did not quite agree with the comprehensive view of his orders.

Two of his regiments—the Eleventh Alabama, under Colonel Sydenham Moore, and the Nineteenth Mississippi, under Major Mullens—were ordered to join Kemper, turn the position of the enemy at that point, and capture or dislodge them. With the other regiments, General Wilcox was ordered by the Williamsburg road to report to General Hill, Pryor’s brigade to follow him, Colston’s brigade to support the move under Colonel Moore.

Armistead’s and Mahone’s brigades, of Huger’s division, were sent to R. H. Anderson, who was ordered to put them in his position and move his other regiments to the front.

Colonel Moore hurried his leading companies into the turning move against Berry’s brigade before his regiment was up, and before the Mississippi regiment was in supporting distance, and fell mortally wounded. General Kearny, seeing the move and other troops marching towards it, ordered his troops out and in retreat through the swamp. He reported of it:

“Although so critically placed, and despite the masses that gathered on and had passed us, checked the enemy in his intent[Pg 100] of cutting off against the White Oak Swamp. This enabled the advanced regiments, arrested by orders and this contest in the rear, to return from their hitherto victorious career and retire by a remaining wood-path known to our scouts (the saw-mill road), until they once more arrived at and remained in the impregnable position we had left at noon at our own fortified division camp.”[19]

He states the hour as six p.m.

Birney’s brigade of Kearny’s division was ordered along the north side of the railroad a little before night, and had several encounters with parts of R. H. Anderson’s brigade and some regiments of G. B. Anderson’s. Jenkins, nothing daunted, pushed his brave battle forward until the shades of night settled about the wood, and flashes of dark-lanterns began to creep through the pines in search of wounded, friend and foe.

At seven o’clock, General Johnston ordered his troops on the field to sleep on their lines, and be ready to renew operations in the morning, and ordered General Smith to call up other troops of the left wing. At half after seven he was hit by a rifle-ball, then a fragment of shell unhorsed him, and he was borne from the field, so severely wounded that he was for a considerable time incapacitated for duty. The command devolved temporarily upon General G. W. Smith. General Johnston was skilled in the art and science of war, gifted in his quick, penetrating mind and soldierly bearing, genial and affectionate in nature, honorable and winning in person, and confiding in his love. He drew the hearts of those about him so close that his comrades felt that they could die for him. Until his recovery the Confederacy experienced a serious deprivation, and when that occurred he was no longer commander-in-chief, for General Lee was promptly called to the post of honor.

The brigades were so mixed up through the pines when the battle closed that there was some delay in getting the regiments to their proper commands, getting up supplies, and arranging for the morning. D. H. Hill’s was put in good order and in bivouac near the Casey intrenchment; those of Longstreet between the Williamsburg road and railroad. Wilcox’s brigade took position on the right, in place of the detachment under Jenkins; Pryor’s brigade next on the left; Kemper, Anderson, and Colston near the stage road (Williamsburg). They made blazing fires of pine-knots to dry their clothing and blankets, and these lighted reinforcing Union troops to their lines behind the railroad.

The brigades of Huger’s division (Armistead’s and Mahone’s) were near the left. Pickett was ordered to report to General Hill at daylight, also the batteries of Maurin, Stribling, and Watson. It was past eleven o’clock when all things were made ready and the killed and wounded cared for; then I rode to find the head-quarters of our new commander.

SUMMARY OF FORCES AND LOSSES.

Union troops engaged on the Williamsburg road, reported by General Heintzelman, commanding Casey’s, Couch’s, and Kearny’s divisions		18,500
Hooker’s division was at hand, but no part of it engaged.
Confederates engaged on the Williamsburg road, of D. H. Hill’s division	8900[20]
Two brigades and two regiments of Longstreet’s division	5700
		14,600

Two lines of intrenchments were attacked and carried, six pieces of artillery and several thousand small-arms were captured, and the enemy was forced back to his third line of intrenchments by night, a mile and a half from the point of his opening.

[Pg 102]

Sedgwick’s division is not separately accounted for, but an average of the divisions reported by General Heintzelman will give him		6080
Estimate of Couch’s command		2000
Union force against General Smith		8080
Smith’s division, five brigades		10,500
But Hood’s brigade was not engaged		2,100
Of Smith’s division in action		8,400
Union losses on the Williamsburg road		4563
Confederate losses on the Williamsburg road		3515
Union losses on the Nine Miles road		468
Confederate losses on the Nine Miles road		1283

Number of Civil War Battles in Each State by Year

Number of Civil War Battles in Each State by Year

In the several States and Territories during each Year of the War.

States and Territories	1861	1862	1863	1864	1865	Total
New York	—	—	1	—	—	1
Pennsylvania	—	—	8	1	—	9
Maryland	3	9	10	8	—	30
Dist. of Columbia	—	—	—	1	—	1
West Virginia	29	114	17	19	1	80
Virginia	30	40	116	205	28	519
North Carolina	2	27	18	10	28	85
South Carolina	2	10	17	9	22	60
Georgia	—	2	8	92	6	108
Florida	3	3	4	17	5	32
Alabama	—	10	12	32	24	78
Mississippi	—	42	76	67	1	186
Louisiana	1	11	54	50	2	118
Texas	1	2	8	1	2	14
Arkansas	1	42	40	78	6	167
Tennessee	2	82	124	89	1	298
Kentucky	14	59	30	31	4	138
Ohio	—	—	3	—	—	3
Indiana	—	—	4	—	—	4
Illinois	—	—	—	1	—	1
Missouri	65	95	43	41	—	244
Minnesota	—	5	1	—	—	6
California	—	1	4	1	—	6
Kansas	—	—	2	5	—	7
Oregon	—	—	—	3	1	4
Nevada	—	—	—	2	—	2
Washington Ter.	—	—	1	—	—	1
Utah	—	—	1	—	—	1
New Mexico	3	5	7	4	—	19
Nebraska	—	—	2	—	—	2
Colorado	—	—	—	4	—	4
Indian Territory	—	2	9	3	3	17
Dakota	—	2	5	4	—	11
Arizona	—	1	1	1	1	4
Idaho	—	—	1	—	—	1
	156	564	627	779	135	2,261

[

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BATTLE FIELDS OF THE GREAT CIVIL WAR
Battles are indicated by stars *

Union and Confederate Armies Killed, Wounded, Missing in All the Major Battles in the Civil War

Losses in Killed, Wounded, and Missing in Engagements, Etc.,

Where the Total was Five Hundred or more on the side of the Union Troops. Confederate Losses given are generally based on Estimates.

			Union Loss.				Confederate Loss.
No.	Date.	Name.	Killed	Wounded	Missing	Total.	Total.
	1861.
1	July 21	Bull Run, Va.	481	1,011	1,460	2,952	1,752
2	August 10	Wilson's Creek, Mo.	223	721	291	1,235	1,095
3	September 12 to 20	Lexington, Mo.	42	108	1,624	1,774	100
4	October 21	Ball's Bluff, Va.	223	226	445	894	302
5	November 7	Belmont, Mo.	90	173	235	498	966
	1862.
6	February 14 to 16	Fort Donelson, Tenn.	446	1,735	150	2,331	15,067
7	March 6 to 8	Pea Ridge, Ark.	203	972	174	1,349	5,200
8	March 14	New-Berne, N. C.	91	466	—	557	583
9	March 23	Winchester, Va.	103	440	24	567	691
10	April 6 and 7	Shiloh, Tenn.	1,735	7,882	3,956	13,573	10,699
11	May 5	Williamsburg, Va.	456	1,400	372	2,228	1,000
12	May 23	Front Royal, Va.	32	122	750	904	—
13	May 25	Winchester, Va.	38	155	711	904	—
14	May 31 to June 1	Seven Pines and Fair Oaks, Va.	890	3,627	1,222	5,739	7,997
15	June 8	Cross Keys, Va.	125	500	—	625	287
16	June 9	Fort Republic, Va.	67	361	574	1,002	657
17	June 16	Secessionville, James Island, S. C.	85	472	128	685	204
18	June 25	Oak Grove, Va.	51	401	64	516	541
19	June 26 to July 1	Seven days' retreat; includes Mechanicsville, Gaines' Mills, Chickahominy, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, Charles City Cross Roads, and Malvern Hill	1,582	7,709	5,958	15,249	17,583
20	July 13	Murfreesboro', Tenn.	33	62	800	895	150
21	August 8	Cedar Mountain, Va.	450	660	290	1,400	1,307
22	July 20 to September 20	Guerrilla campaign in Missouri; includes Porter's and Poindexter's Guerrillas	77	156	347	580	2,866
23	August 28 and 29	Groveton and Gainesville, Va.	—	—	—	7,000	7,000
24	August 30	Bull Run, Va. (2d)	800	4,000	3,000	7,800	3,700
25	August 30	Richmond Ky.	200	700	4,000	4,900	750
26	September 1	Chantilly, Va.	—	—	—	1,300	800
27	September 12 to 15	Harper's Ferry, Va.	80	120	11,583	11,783	500
28	September 14	Turner's and Crampton's Gaps, South Mountain, Md.	443	1,806	76	2,325	4,343
29	September 14 to 16	Munfordsville Ky.	50	—	3,566	3,616	714
30	September 17	Antietam, Md.	2,010	9,416	1,043	12,469	25,899
31	September 19 to 20	Iuka, Miss.	144	598	40	782	1,516
32	October 3 and 4	Corinth, Miss.	315	1,812	232	2,359	14,221
33	October 5	Big Hatchie River, Miss.	—	—	—	500	400
34	October 8	Perryville, Ky.	916	2,943	489	4,348	7,000
35	December 7	Prairie Grove, Ark.	167	798	183	1,148	1,500
36	December 7	Hartsville, Tenn.	55	—	1,800	1,855	149
37	December 12 to 18	Foster's expedition to Goldsboro', N.C.	90	478	9	577	739
38	December 13	Fredericksburg, Va.	1,180	9,028	2,145	12,353	4,576
39	December 20	Holly Springs, Miss.	—	—	1,000	1,000	—
40	December 27	Elizabethtown, Ky.	—	—	500	500	—
41	December 28 and 29	Chickasaw Bayou, Vicksburg, Miss.	191	982	756	1,929	207
42	Dec. 31, 1862, to Jan. 2, 1863	Stone's River, Tenn.	1,533	7,245	2,800	11,578	25,560
	1863.
43	January 1	Galveston, Texas	—	—	600	600	50
44	January 11	Fort Hindman, Arkansas Post, Ark.	129	831	17	977	5,500
45	March 4 and 5	Thompson's Station, Tenn.	100	300	1,306	1,706	600
46	April 27 to May 3	Streight's raid from Tuscumbia, Ala., to Rome, Ga.	12	69	1,466	1,547	—
47	May 1	Port Gibson, Miss.	130	718	5	853	1,650
48	May 1 to 4	Chancellorsville, Va.	1,512	9,518	5,000	16,030	12,281
49	May 16	Champion Mills, Miss.	426	1,842	189	2,457	4,300
50	May 18 to July 4	Siege of Vicksburg, Miss.	545	3,688	303	4,536	31,277
51	May 27 to July 9	Siege of Port Hudson, La.	500	2,500	—	3,000	7,208
52	June 6 to 8	Milliken's Bend, La.	154	223	115	492	725
53	June 9	Beverly Ford and Brandy Station, Va.	—	—	—	500	700
54	June 13 to 15	Winchester, Va.	—	—	3,000	3,000	850
55	June 23 to 30	Rosecrans' campaign from Murfreesboro' to Tullahoma, Tenn.	85	462	13	560	1,634
56	July 1 to 3	Gettysburg, Pa.	2,834	13,709	6,643	23,186	31,621
57	July 9 to 16	Jackson, Miss.	100	800	100	1,000	1,339
58	July 18	Second assault on Fort Wagner, S. C	—	—	—	1,500	174
59	September 19 to 20	Chickamauga, Ga.	1,644	9,262	4,945	15,851	17,804
60	November 3	Grand Coteau, La.	26	124	576	726	445
61	November 6	Rogersville, Tenn.	5	12	650	667	30
62	November 23 to 25	Chattanooga, Tenn.; includes Orchard Knob, Lookout Mountain, and Missionary Ridge.	757	4,529	330	5,616	8,684
63	November 26 to 28	Operations at Mine Run, Va.	100	400	—	500	500
64	December 14	Bean's Station, Tenn.	—	—	—	700	900
	1864.
65	February 20	Olustee, Fla.	193	1,175	460	1,828	500
66	April 8	Sabine Cross Roads, La.	200	900	1,800	2,900	1,500
67	April 9	Pleasant Hills, La.	100	700	300	1,100	2,000
68	April 12	Fort Pillow, Tenn.	350	60	164	574	80
69	April 17 to 20	Plymouth, N. C.	20	80	1,500	1,600	500
70	April 30	Jenkins' Ferry, Saline River, Ark.	200	955	—	1,155	1,100
71	May 5 to 7	Wilderness, Va.	5,597	21,463	10,677	37,737	11,400
72	May 5 to 9	Rocky Face Ridge, Ga.; includes Tunnel Hill, Mill Creek Gap, Buzzard Roost, Snake Creek Gap, and near Dalton	200	637	—	837	600
73	May 8 to 18	Spottsylvania Court House, Va.; includes engagements on the Fredericksburg Road, Laurel Hill, and Nye River	4,177	19,687	2,577	26,461	9,000
74	May 9 to 10	Swift Creek, Va.	90	400	—	490	500
75	May 9 to 10	Cloyd's Mountain and New River Bridge, Va.	126	585	34	745	900
76	May 12 to 16	Fort Darling, Drewry's Bluff, Va.	422	2,380	210	3,012	2,500
77	May 13 to 16	Resaca, Ga.	600	2,147	—	2,747	2,800
78	May 15	New Market, Va.	120	560	240	920	405
79	May 16 to 30	Bermuda Hundred, Va.	200	1,000	—	1,200	3,000
80	May 23 to 27	North Anna River, Va.	223	1,460	290	1,973	2,000
81	May 25 to June 4	Dallas, Ga.	—	—	—	2,400	3,000
82	June 1 to 12	Cold Harbor, Va.	1,905	10,570	2,456	14,931	1,700
83	June 5	Piedmont, Va.	130	650	—	780	2,970
84	June 9 to 30	Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.; includes Pine Mountain, Pine Knob, Golgotha, Culp's House, general assault, June 27th: McAfee's Cross Roads, Lattemore's Mills and Powder Springs	1,370	6,500	800	8,670	4,600
85	June 10	Brice's Cross Roads, near Guntown, Miss.	223	394	1,623	2,240	606
86	June 10	Kellar's Bridge, Licking River, Ky.	13	54	700	767	—
87	June 11 and 12	Trevellian Station, Central Railroad, Va.	85	490	160	735	370
88	June 15 to 19	Petersburg, Va.; includes Baylor's Farm, Walthal, and Weir Bottom Church	1,298	7,474	1,814	10,586	—
89	June 17 and 18	Lynchburg, Va.	100	500	400	700	200
90	June 20 to 30	Trenches in front of Petersburg, Va.	112	506	800	1,418	—
91	June 22 to 30	Wilson's raid on the Weldon Railroad, Va.	76	265	700	1,041	300
92	June 22 and 23	Weldon Railroad, Va.	604	2,494	2,217	5,315	500
93	June 27	Kenesaw Mountain, general assault. See No. 2,345	—	—	—	3,000	608
94	July 1 to 31	Front of Petersburg, Va.; losses at the Crater and Deep Bottom not included	419	2,076	1,200	3,695	—
95	July 6 to 10	Chattahoochee River, Ga.	80	450	200	730	600
96	July 9	Monocacy, Md.	90	579	1,290	1,959	400
97	July 13 to 15	Tupelo, Miss.; includes Harrisburg and Old Town Creek	85	563	—	648	700
98	July 20	Peach Tree Creek, Ga.	300	1,410	—	1,710	4,796
99	July 22	Atlanta, Ga.; Hood's first sortie	500	2,141	1,000	3,641	8,499
100	July 24	Winchester, Va.	—	—	—	1,200	600
101	July 26 to 31	Stoneman's raid to Macon, Ga.	—	100	900	1,000	—
102	July 26 to 31	McCook's raid to Lovejoy Station, Ga.	—	100	500	600	—
103	July 28	Ezra Chapel, Atlanta, Ga.; second sortie.	100	600	—	700	4,642
104	July 30	Mine explosion at Petersburg, Va.	419	1,679	1,910	4,008	1,200
105	August 1 to 31	Trenches before Petersburg, Va.	87	484	—	571	—
106	August 14 to 18	Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom Run, Va.	400	1,755	1,400	3,555	1,100
107	August 18, 19 & 21	Six Mile House, Weldon Railroad, Va.	212	1,155	3,176	4,543	4,000
108	August 21	Summit Point, Va.	—	—	—	600	400
109	August 25	Ream's Station, Va.	127	546	1,769	2,442	1,500
110	August 31 to September 1	Jonesboro', Ga.	—	1,149	—	1,149	2,000
111	May 5 to September 8	Campaign in Northern Georgia, from Chattanooga, Tenn., to Atlanta, Ga.	5,284	26,129	5,786	37,199	—
112	September 1 to October 30	Trenches before Petersburg, Va.	170	822	812	1,804	1,000
113	September 19	Opequan, Winchester, Va.	653	3,719	618	4,990	5,500
114	September 23	Athens, Ala.	—	—	950	950	30
115	September 24 to October 28	Price's invasion of Missouri; includes a number of engagements	170	336	—	506	—
116	September 28 to 30	New Market Heights, Va.	400	2,029	—	2,429	2,000
117	September 30 to October 1	Preble's Farm, Poplar Springs Church, Va.	141	788	1,756	2,685	900
118	October 5	Allatoona, Ga.	142	352	212	706	1,142[69]
119	October 19	Cedar Creek, Va.	588	3,516	1,891	5,995	4,200
120	October 27	Hatcher's Run, South Side Railroad, Va.	156	1,047	699	1,902	1,000
121	October 27 and 28	Fair Oaks, near Richmond, Va.	120	783	400	1,303	451
122	November 28	Fort Kelly, New Creek, West Va.	—	—	700	700	5
123	November 30	Franklin, Tenn.	189	1,033	1,104	2,326	6,252
124	November 30	Honey Hill, Broad River, S. C.	66	645	—	711	—
125	December 6 to 9	Deveaux's Neck, S. C.	39	390	200	629	400
126	December 15 & 16	Nashville, Tenn.	400	1,740	—	2,140	15,000
	1865.
127	January 11	Beverly, West Va.	5	20	583	608	—
128	January 13 to 15	Fort Fisher, N. C.	184	749	22	955	2,483
129	February 5 to 7	Dabney's Mills, Hatcher's Run, Va.	232	1,062	186	1,480	1,200
130	March 8 to 10	Wilcox's Bridge, Wise's Fork, N. C.	80	421	600	1,101	1,500
131	March 16	Averysboro', N. C.	77	477	—	554	865
132	March 19 to 21	Bentonville, N. C.	191	1,168	287	1,646	2,825
133	March 25	Fort Steedman, in front of Petersburg, VA.	68	337	506	911	2,681
134	March 25	Petersburg, Va.	103	864	209	1,176	834
135	March 26 to April 8	Spanish Fort, Ala.	100	695	—	795	552
136	March 22 to April 24	Wilson's raid from Chickasaw, Ala., to Macon, Ga.; includes a number of engagements	99	598	28	725	8,020
137	March 31	Boydton and White Oak Roads, Va.	177	1,134	556	1,867	1,235
138	April 1	Five Forks, Va.	124	706	54	884	8,500
139	April 2	Fall of Petersburg, Va.	296	2,565	500	3,361	3,000
140	April 6	Sailor's Creek, Va.	166	1,014	—	1,180	7,000
141	April 6	High Bridge, Appomattox River, Va.	10	31	1,000	1,041	—
142	April 7	Farmville, Va.	—	—	—	655	—
143	April 9	Fort Blakely, Ala.	113	516	—	629	2,900
144	April 9	Surrender of Lee	—	—	—	—	26,000
145	April 26	Johnston surrendered	—	—	—	—	29,924
146	May 4	Taylor surrendered	—	—	—	—	10,000
147	May 10	Sam Jones surrendered	—	—	—	—	8,000
148	May 11	Jeff Thompson surrendered	—	—	—	—	7,454
149	May 26	Kirby Smith surrendered	—	—	—	—	20,000